高考英語語法精講與精練 |主謂一致

日期：2022-02-16 10:00 點擊：

主謂一致精講與精練

 

一、主謂一致講前練：用所給單詞的適當形式或用適當?shù)膯卧~（1個）填空

 Our school library ,along with many other buildings,[1]___________(be)very different from other schools’.

     There [2]________ (be) two computer rooms, three art rooms, a meeting room and a reading room in the library building. The number of the books [3] ________ (be)large, and It is said that all the books cost our school 200, 000 dollars. Maybe 200, 000 dollars [4]________ (be)large to every student. The number of the students who [5] ________ (have)a thirst for knowledge is increasing day by day.

Nowadays, our library has been developed into a multifunctional building. There are 50 computers in it. Many a student [6]________ (like)to surf the Internet at weekends here, and now you can see that my classmates, Mike and John [7]________ (play)computer games there. When you turn to another room, you will find that a professor and writer [8] ________ (deliver)a speech. Each boy and each girl [9]__________(focus)on his interesting speech. Every time there is a wonderful speech, the audience always [10]__________(cheer) up. You are entering our art exhibition. A teacher with his students [11]________(be) in the room. On the wall [12]__________(be)100 pictures, which attract many students. An expert and teacher is explaining something important to us.

Keys: 1is  2.are  3.is  4.is  5.have  6.likes  7.are playing 

8.is delivering   9.is focusing   10.cheer  11.is  12.are

 

二、主謂一致考點精講：

主謂一致考點1、就近原則

1、當兩個主語由either....or, neither....nor, not only....but also ,whether....or，or連接時，謂語動詞和鄰近的主語保持一致,即就近一致。

EG1：Not only the teacher but also the students are our friends.

EG2: Either you or he is to do it.

2、there be 句型中be 動詞的單復數(shù)取決于其后的主語。如果其后是由and  連接的兩個主語，則應與靠近的那個主語保持一致，即就近一致。

EG3: There is a desk and two chairs in the room.

EG4: There are two chairs and a deskin the room.

 

主謂一致考點2、承前原則

主語后面跟有with, together with, along with, except, but, besides,in addition to, like, as well as, no less than(和…一樣), rather than（而不是）, including, instead of等引起的短語， 謂語動詞要跟這些介詞（短語）前的主語保持一致。

EG5:The teacher, as well as his students, was invited to the ceremony.

EG6:Tom including his parents has gone to Africa.

→Tom’sparents including him have gone to Africa.

 

主謂一致考點3、其它主謂一致?？伎键c

1、--ing,to do 和從句作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

EG7：Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience.

EG8: To meet you is really a nice experience.

EG9: When the meeting will begin hasn’t been decided yet.

EG10:What is important to him are the experiences of his life.

解析：what(所....的東西/話/事)引導的主語從句作主語時，要根據(jù)句意和上下文判斷它表達的是單數(shù)概念還是復數(shù)概念。表單數(shù)概念用單數(shù)動詞，表復數(shù)概念用復數(shù)動詞。

EG11: What he said was not right.  【what從句表示“他所說的”是個抽象概念，故用單數(shù)動詞】

EG12: What I need are some good reference books. 【what從句表示“我所需要的東西（一些好書）”是個具體的復數(shù)概念，故用復數(shù)動詞】

 

2.由分數(shù)、百分數(shù)以及類似于a number of, a lot of/lots of, plenty of,a great deal of…的數(shù)量詞修飾的名詞作主語，謂語單復數(shù)由被修飾的名詞決定。

EG: A lot of books are needed.

EG: A great deal of water is needed.

注意：quantity以及表示“種類、組、群”的詞（如：group，class，type，pair）修飾名詞作主語時，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式要由這些限定詞的單復數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定。

EG: A large quantity of books is needed.

EG: Large quantities of water are needed.

EG: A group of people is waiting for you.

 

3.many a/an+n(許多)，more than one(不止一個)做主語，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。

EG13: Many a student is not interested in English at all.

EG14: More than one book is needed.

 

4.在定語從句里，關系代詞that, who, which 等作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)應與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。

EG15: Those who want to go please write their names on the blackboard.

EG16: He is one of the students who like sports.    【此句定語從句的先行詞是the students】

EG17: He is the (only) one of the students who likes sports.

【此句定語從句的先行詞是the (only) one】

 

5.在強調句型中如強調的是主語，謂語應與被強調部分一致。

EG18: It is my parents who are teachers.

EG19: It is I who am a teacher.

EG20: It is Jack who is a teacher.

 

6.（1）a number of +復數(shù)名詞主語，謂語用復數(shù)

（2）the number of +復數(shù)名詞的數(shù)就得依number 而定（用單數(shù)）。

EG21:A number of students have gone to the farm to help the farmer pick apples.

EG22: The number of pages in this book is three hundred.

 

7.由集體名詞government, family, class, enemy, army, group, committee, majority等作主語時，若指整體意義，則用單數(shù)謂語；若指個體意義，則用復數(shù)謂語。

EG: Our class has won the first place in the football match. 【強調我們班贏得比賽，而參加籃球賽的可能只有幾個人】

EG: My family are watching TV at home. 【強調我的一家人在看電視】

 

8.“定冠詞the+形容詞或分詞”作主語，表某“一類人”時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。

EG23：The elderly are taken good care of there.

“the+形容詞”作主語，表示“一類物”時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

EG24: The beautiful is not always the useful.

EG25: The unknown is always something to be feared.

 

9.四則運算以及表示時間、距離、價值、長度、度量衡等的數(shù)量詞作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。

EG26:1,000 million dollars is too much for us.

 

10.No/Each/Every+名詞作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。

EG:27 Every boys and every girls was invited.

 

五、考點應考技巧：

1、抓住句子的真正的主語是什么，

2、常與時態(tài)語態(tài)同時考查，在考慮主謂一致的同時，要考慮時態(tài)語態(tài)

3、必須背清楚每一種主謂一致的情況。

 

六、主謂一致考點精練

（一）單句語法填空

1.【2020·全國Ⅰ卷】Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it 　67　 (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon is constructed.”

Key: means 考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)句子結構可知,此空處是謂語動詞。本句引用了Carle Pieters的話,結合句意可知空格處要用一般現(xiàn)在時。主語為it,謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。

2.【2020·全國II卷】This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 62.　　　　 (carry) special significance.

Key:carries 考查主謂一致和時態(tài)。此處why引導表語從句,表語從句中主語是decorating with plants, fruits and flowers,填空處作謂語。因為文章介紹的是中國現(xiàn)在仍然流行的一些習俗,所以用一般現(xiàn)在時。單個動詞的-ing形式作主語,謂語用單數(shù)形式,所以填carries。

3.【2020·新高考Ⅰ卷】The parts of a museum open to the public 　40　(call)galleries or rooms.

Key:are called 考查主謂一致和被動語態(tài)。結合句意“博物館對外開放的部分被稱為展覽館或陳列室”和下文的時態(tài)可知主語the parts（復數(shù)）和謂語動詞call之間為被動語態(tài),故用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。

4.【2020·新高考Ⅰ卷】Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection 　41　(be)on display.

Key:is 考查主謂一致。句子主語中心詞為a small part,結合上下文的時態(tài)可知用一般現(xiàn)在時的單數(shù)形式。

5.【2020·浙江高考】And, as more children were born, more food 　59　(need).

Key:was needed考查時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)時間狀語從句as more children were born可知此處用一般過去時,主語more food（不可數(shù)名詞、單數(shù)）和need之間是被動關系,所以用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。

6.【2019·全國卷Ⅰ】.Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations,three are declining,six 　70　 (be) stable,one is increasing,and nine lack enough data. 

Key:考查主謂一致。主語為six,表示六個子群,結合前一句 three are declining 可知應用一般現(xiàn)在時,故填are。

7、(2018•全國卷I)While running regularly can make you live forever, the review says it _______ (be)more effective at lengthening life ________walking ,cycling or swimming.

Key: is/than

8、 （2018•全國卷II）Since 2011,the country________（grow）more corn than rice. Key:has grown

9、（2017全國卷I）Fast food (be) full of fat and salt.  Key:is

10、（2017全國卷III）Sarah __________  (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel earning a million dollars in the new year. Her father Peter ,44,wants her to give up school to model full time key:was told

11、（2016全國卷II)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow ______ (be) often acceptable. Key:is

12、（2016全國卷III）Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and ___________ (be) too violent for use at the table.  Key:were

13、(2015全國I)Yangshuo ________(be) really beautiful. Key:is

14、（2015全國卷II）This cycle _______ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures.Key:goes

15、（2014全國卷I）In 1969,the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River Cleveland, Ohio. It _____（be）unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. Key:was

16、(2014遼寧卷)Be patient! Tai Chi  (call) “shadow boxing” in English. Key:is called

17．One­third of the country ________ (be) covered with trees and the majority of the citizens are black people.Key: is

18．(2013·福建卷改編)The famous musician, as well as his students, ________ (be) invited to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo. Key:was

19．(2014·湖南卷改編)All we need ________ (be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.Key:is

20．(2017·安徽安慶望江檢測改編)Kathie is reading the note which ________ (be) left in the drawer the other day.Key:was

21．(2017·北京重點中學聯(lián)考改編)Neither I nor Amy ________ (be) to attend the business conference if we are busy.Key: is

22．(2017·湖南十三校聯(lián)考改編)Our school along with many other brother middle schools ________ (be) to take another joint test next month. Key:is

23．Today a new form of communication“WeChat”，which ________(own) a Chinese name Weixin, is becoming the most influential text and voicing tool all over the world.Key:owns

24．(2017·湖南懷化一模改編)More than one doctor________ (be) involved in the rescue that took place after the earthquake. Key:was

25．With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ________ (be) being washed away each year.Key:are

26．(2017·江蘇建陵中學質檢改編)No one in the department but Tom and I ________ (know) that the director is going to resign. Key：knows

27．(2017·湖南師大附中月考改編)Professor James will give us a lecture on Western culture, and he as well as his assistants ________ (be) to arrive by air.Key:is

28．(2015·湖南卷改編)It is important to remember that success is a sum of small efforts made each day and often ________ (take) years to achieve.Key:takes

 

（二）單句語法改錯

1.【2021年全國甲卷】One of the questions are: Who will you go in times of trouble?

Key:考查主謂一致。主語為one of the questions，表示問題中的一個，是單數(shù)意義，謂語動詞應為單數(shù)，故are改為is。

2.【2020·全國卷III】 My dad don’t like the soup and I don’t enjoy apples.

Key:考查主謂一致。句意：我爸爸不喜歡湯，我也不喜歡蘋果。表示經(jīng)?；蚍磸桶l(fā)生的事情，用一般現(xiàn)在時。主語my dad是第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，所以don’t改成doesn’t。

3.【2018•卷III】I remembered that my father once said, "The classroom is a place for learning and that include leaning from textbooks, and mistake as well."

key: include--includes/ mistake--mistakes

4.【2014遼寧】The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all 

night with the baby. Key:have--has

5.【2014四川】Today, I am going to talk with what you should do when a fire alarm go 

off. key:with--about / go--goes

6.【2014全國大綱卷】The understanding between two friends mean both of them have similar ideas and trusting each other. Key:mean--means / trusting--trust

7.【2014新課標卷II】My dream school look like a big garden. Key:look--looks

8.Bill was standing at the side of the car, talking to two men who was helping him to repair it. key:was--were

9.Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit.   key:give--gives

10.Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library. ）key:is--are

11.But then there is always more mysteries to look into. ）is--are

12.But not all information are good to society. key:are--is

13.So then, a concert cost so much. I may just listen to music. key:cost--costs

14.If I listen to my own records，there are no need to spend money. key:are--is

15.…you will probably want to join the Stamp Collectors‘ Club which exist to add more stamps to your collection. key:exist--exists

16.One evening she told me that something happened when their parents was out.Key:was--were

17.【2013·浙江卷】Good night and remember, you, dear diary，is my only souvenir from my past life and my only friend.key:is--are

18.【2014·陜西卷】Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky—they looked like rain！Key:was--were

19.I'm very glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese well. Here are my advice.key: are--is

20.【2017·皖南八校聯(lián)考】I'd like to share a quote with you, which go like this：“Time is said to be money, but it is more—it is life.” key:go--goes

21.I have a habit of taking a coffee，which make me feel energetic when I have to stay up late.Key:make--makes

22.【2015·四川卷】Hello, boys and girls! Today, I am going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm go off.Key:go--goes

23.【2016·南陽期中考試】However, there has been many changes in my hometown until now.Key:has--have

24.Fortunately, thanks to my timely assistance, the injured man were helped out of danger.Key:were--was

25.Because large quantities of water has been polluted, the lake smells terrible.Key:has-have

 

（三）主謂一致語篇填空訓練

1

I have two sons. Tom and Mike. Both[1]________(be) fond of playing football, but neither Tom nor Mike [2]_________(care) for swimming because they are afraid of water.

Recently, Tom as well as his friends[3]________(set) up a club of their own,where many a student[4]________(play) chess after school. The number of the students going there [5]________ (increase) day by day and a large number of students [6]________(be) keen on playing games there. A poet and writer[7]__________(be) to deliver a lecture next Sunday. Quantities of money [8]________(collect) for the victims in the storm at present.Not only Tom but also Mike[9]______ (play) an important role in the activity. Each boy and each girl belonging to the club [10]________ (be) in favor of this activity.

Keys:1.are 2.cares 3.has set 4.plays 5.is increasing 6.are 7.is  8.are being collected 9.plays 10.is

 

2

The final-term examinations are coming and each boy and each girl [1]___________  (look) forward to the coming holiday. However, John as well as the other children who [2]______ (have) no parents [3]________ (take) good care of in the centre at present. They have no relatives. As we all know, every student all wants to spend the holidays by [4]_______ (travel) to the famous [5]__________ (place) of interest. When and where to go for the holiday [6]_________ (not decide) yet.But John and his friends would like to go to California, [7]______one-third of the state [8] ______ (be) covered with trees and the majority of the citizens [9]_______ (be) black people. On thinking of it, John and his friends feel very happy and they all try their best [10] _________ (prepare) for the coming exam.

 

Keys:1.is looking 2.have 3.is taken 4.travelling 5.places

6.hasn’t been decided 7.where 8.is 9.are 10.to prepare