日期:2022-03-02 10:23 點擊:
語法可以說是不少同學(xué)的心頭痛,看著那個“空”我是真不知道填啥,即使填對了詞,也會填錯這個詞的365種變型!所以為大家整理了6種高考英語語法易錯點,語法薄弱的同學(xué)建議收藏起來慢慢看哦~
01
定語從句
引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有that,which,who(賓格whom),所有格whose)和關(guān)系副詞 where when why 等,關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個成分,關(guān)系代詞that,which,who,whom等在從句中分別作主語或賓語,whose在從句中作定語,而關(guān)系副詞when,where,why等在從句中作狀語。
例如:
① I will never forget the days when/in which we worked together.
② I will never forget the days which/that we spent together.
解析
在句①中,表示時間的名詞the days在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖菭钫Z,所以用關(guān)系副詞when來代指,引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾先行詞the days;
而在句②中,表示時間的名詞the days在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖莿?/span>詞spent的賓語,所以用關(guān)系代詞that或which來代指。
同樣,表示地點或原因的名詞如果在從句中作狀語,則用關(guān)系副詞where 或why來代指;如果在從句中作動詞的賓語,則用which或that來代替。
例如:
① This is the factory where/in which I worked.(作狀語)
② This is the factory that/which I visited years ago.(作賓語)
注:當(dāng)先行詞為time,reason, place時,引導(dǎo)詞可以省略。
例如:
① This was the first (when/what) I had serious trouble with my boss.
② That is the reason (why) I did it.
③This is the place (where) we met yesterday.
另外,定語從句中謂語動詞數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞數(shù)一致。
①Mr. Jackson is the only foreigner that is present at the party.
②He is one of the students who were praised by the teacher.
解析
在句①中,先行詞foreigner被only修飾,強調(diào)只有一個,所以從句中謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
而在句②中,who引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾先行詞the students,為復(fù)數(shù),所以從句謂語動詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)。
02
名詞性從句中的易錯點
*that引導(dǎo)的定語從句與同位語從句
定語從句與前面的的名詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系,“……的名詞”,而同位語從句是用來說明前面名詞的內(nèi)容。與that從句同位的名詞必須是一些表示事實或概念的抽象名詞,如:fact,news,belief,truth,reply等。
That在定語從句中必須作成分,可用which或who/whom代替,而that在同位語從句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分,只起連接作用。
① Along with the letter was his promise that he would visit me this coming Christmas.
② Do you still remember the chicken farm that we visited three months ago.
解析
在句①中,that引導(dǎo)同位語從句解釋說明promise的內(nèi)容,that不充當(dāng)任何句子成分,只起連接作用。
而在句②中,that在其引導(dǎo)的定語從句中作動詞visited的賓語,對先行詞the chicken farm起修飾作用。
*名詞性從句中,關(guān)于it作形式主語和形式賓語的易錯點
1) 名詞性從句作主語或賓語時,為保持句子平衡,常用it作形式主語或形式賓語。
It’s a pity that he don’t come to give a speech.(形式主語)
We think it possible that you can finish the job today.(形式賓語)
2)謂語動詞 appreciate, dislike, hate, like, love, make等接由if或when 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時往往在從句前加上形式賓語it.
Eg: I would appreciate it if you could come to my birthday party.
3)動詞hare, take, hide, punish, put等,后接由that 引導(dǎo)的病因從句式,往往在從句前加形式賓語it.
① I take it that you will be leaving Shanghai soon.
② we punished it that we had finished the project ahead of time.
4)短語動詞answer for, count on depend on, insist on, see to等后接有that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時,必須冠以形式賓語it.
① I’m counting on it that you will come.
② She’ll see to it that he goes ahead.
注:作形式主語和形式賓語時只能用it.
03
代詞it、one、that用法與區(qū)別
One泛指,指代前面提到的那類人或物,用于指代可數(shù)名詞,相當(dāng)于a+名詞單數(shù),其復(fù)數(shù)形式ones前一般要有定語,否則就要用some.
That(those復(fù)數(shù))即可指代不可數(shù)名詞,表特指,相當(dāng)于the+名詞,后面經(jīng)常與介詞修飾語連用。
It指代上文出現(xiàn)的名詞,表示同類同物,還可表示時間、距離、天氣、還可指代人稱代詞,表示性別身份不明,可作形式主語,形式賓語,引導(dǎo)強調(diào)句式以及一些固定搭配.如 get it, catch it, make it.
① I have lost my watch. I think I must buy one.我丟了只表,我想我必須再買一只。(代指上文指到的同類事物,但不指同一個)
② Where is my pen? Have you seen it?
我的鋼筆不知弄到哪去了,你見了嗎?(代指上文提到的同一事物)
③ The land of China is larger than that of America.
④ Tome has a red pen and a blue one (或two blue ones)
⑤ He has no child, and he wants toadopt one (或 some)
04
虛擬語氣
一、虛擬語氣在if引導(dǎo)的條件句中的易錯點
① if my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.
② if you had studied hard at school, you would be a college student now.
句子①②都是虛擬語氣在條件句中的使用,從句中都是假設(shè)過去的情況,所以用過去完成時。
但在主句中,句①依然指代過去的情況,謂語動詞是would have done。
而②中含有一個表示現(xiàn)在的時間狀語now, 這樣就必須將其理解為假設(shè)現(xiàn)在的情況,所以謂語動詞必須為would/should/might+動詞原形。
學(xué)生在這一點上經(jīng)常會忽略now的存在,從而按句①的形式填寫答案。
二、虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的用法
在it is important (strange, natural, necessary……)+that 句子或者It is decided (ordered,suggested, demanded, advised……)+that句子中,主語從句中的謂語動詞常用(should)+動詞原形結(jié)構(gòu),表示某事“重要”、“必要”、“被決定”等
① it is important that everyone (should ) obey the rules all day and all night.
② it is decided that the meeting (should) be held tomorrow afternoon.
05
反意疑問句中的易錯點
1.在一般疑問句中,無論肯定的問或是否定的問,如果回答為肯定則用yes,反之則用no.
特別注意如果出現(xiàn)省略則看下文所暗示的意義。
①—Are you a new comer?
—Yes, I came here only yesterday.
②—Isn’t Tom a good student?
—Yes, he is excellent.
③—Don’t you think the composition good?
—No, It can’t be any worse.
注意:在②③句中,當(dāng)回答的意思與問句相一致時,則用No,譯為“是的”,當(dāng)回答的意思與問句相反時,則用Yes,譯為“不”
2. 情態(tài)動詞must
① I must leave now, mustn’t I ?
② He must be in the classroom, isn’t ?(表推測)
③ He must have finished his homework, hasn’t he ? (表現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果)
④ He must have finished his homework yesterday afternoon,didn’t he? (表過去)
當(dāng)句子中有表示猜測的情態(tài)動詞時,其反意疑問句的構(gòu)成不能再用原句中的情態(tài)動詞,而應(yīng)根據(jù)原句在去掉情態(tài)動詞的情況下的主謂關(guān)系來確定其反問形式。
06
非謂語動詞中的易錯點
非謂語與其邏輯主語(即動作的執(zhí)行者或承受者)之間有三種關(guān)系:
如為主謂關(guān)系,則用現(xiàn)在分詞或不定式的主動式;
如為被動關(guān)系則用過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(強調(diào)動作正在進行)或不定式的被動式(動作將進行);
如既無主動也無被動關(guān)系則只能用狀語從句或獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)(即非謂語加上自己的邏輯主語)
例句
Having been ill in bed for nearly a month , he had a hard time passing the exam.
解析:從這個句子可以看出,句詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語he一致,并且是主謂關(guān)系,所以用了現(xiàn)在的分詞作狀語,同時,分詞的動作明顯地發(fā)生在句子的謂語動詞動作之前,故采用了現(xiàn)代分詞的完成式。
In order to improve English , ____.
A. Jenny’s father bought her a lot of tapes.
B. Jenny’s father bought a lot of tapes for herself.
C. A lot of tapes were bought by Jenny.
D. A lot of tapes were bought by Jenny father.
解析:根據(jù)不定式短語我們可以推知,句子的邏輯主語應(yīng)該是人而不是物,所以,應(yīng)該排除CD,再就是應(yīng)該是Jenny提高自己的英語,而不是她爸爸,故答案先B.
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