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【中考英語】非謂語動(dòng)詞精講+精練+答案

日期：2023-03-07 13:39 點(diǎn)擊：

非謂語動(dòng)詞基本形式

動(dòng)詞：He asks me to help him often.

謂語非謂語

1.謂語動(dòng)詞：時(shí)態(tài)/被動(dòng)語態(tài)

2.非謂語：do/ to do/ doing/ done

非謂語動(dòng)詞的判定

非謂語動(dòng)詞一直是英語學(xué)習(xí)的難點(diǎn)，也是中考的?？键c(diǎn)，主要為動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞，在單項(xiàng)填空、詞形填空和詞組翻譯題型中均有涉及。學(xué)生在做此類試題時(shí)應(yīng)先分析本題該用謂語動(dòng)詞還是非謂語動(dòng)詞，然后才能確定選用動(dòng)詞的哪種形式或者非謂語的哪種形式。如何確定使用動(dòng)詞的哪種形式具體講解詳見動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，下面列舉幾種常見的判定非謂語動(dòng)詞形式的方法：

1.如何判定本題該使用謂語動(dòng)詞還是非謂語動(dòng)詞：判斷句子是否缺少謂語。

①當(dāng)句子缺少謂語時(shí)，該動(dòng)詞就用謂語動(dòng)詞形式。一般情況下，動(dòng)詞作謂語放在主語之后，如“I love you.”中，love就是謂語動(dòng)詞。

②當(dāng)句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞又沒有并列連詞與所填動(dòng)詞并列時(shí)，該動(dòng)詞就用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式。非謂語動(dòng)詞可以在句子中作除謂語以外的任何成分，如主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、表語、定語、狀語及插入語。

非謂語動(dòng)詞的分類（不定式，動(dòng)名詞）

1）不定式

1.不定式的構(gòu)成

不定式的基本形式為:to+動(dòng)詞原形,有時(shí)可以不用to,這里的to是不定式符號(hào),本身無詞義,動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式是not+to+動(dòng)詞原形。動(dòng)詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化。

2.不定式的基本用法

用法	說明	例句
作主語	動(dòng)詞不定式作主語時(shí),常用it作形式主語,而將真正的主語放在句末,避免句子頭重腳輕。其結(jié)構(gòu)為It+be+adj.+to do sth.	To learn English well is useful. =It is useful to learn English well.
	如果要說明不定式表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,可以在不定式前加一個(gè)for短語。其結(jié)構(gòu)為It+be+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.	It is good for you to go out for a walk.
	某些表示人的品質(zhì)、特征等的形容詞(如kind,good,nice,wise,clever,polite等)作表語時(shí),不定式之前可以加一個(gè)of短語,用來說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。其結(jié)構(gòu)為It+be+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.	It’s not polite of him to speak to old people like that.
	兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的動(dòng)詞不定式并列時(shí),第一個(gè)不定式帶to,后面的不定式通常省略to	To go to sleep early and get up early is a good habit.
作賓語	不定式用在及物動(dòng)詞后作賓語,常見的及物動(dòng)詞有:begin,choose,continue,decide,expect,fail,forget,hate,help,hope,learn,manage,mean,need,offer,plan,prefer,pretend,promise,refuse,try,afford,agree,start,like等	I can’t afford to buy a digital camera at the moment.
作賓語	在find,think后跟不定式作賓語時(shí),常用it代替,而將真正的賓語放在后面	I find it easy to read English every day.
作賓語補(bǔ) 足語	常接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有:want,ask,tell,allow,get,would like,advise,encourage等	My mother encourages me to learn Japanese.
	一些使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞也用不定式作賓補(bǔ),這時(shí)不定式要省略to。這些動(dòng)詞有:一感(feel)、二聽(hear,listen to)、三讓(let,make,have)、四看(look at,see,watch,notice)。但變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)必須加上to	I often hear Li Ming sing in the next room.
	動(dòng)詞help后面的不定式,既可以帶to,也可以不帶to	You must help me(to)do my homework this afternoon.
作定語	作定語的不定式,要放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞之后	I have some clothes to wash.
	如果不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞,且與它所修飾的詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系,則不定式要加上相應(yīng)的介詞	He is looking for a room to live in. We have a lot of things to talk about.
	當(dāng)不定式修飾的名詞是time,place或way時(shí),不定式后面習(xí)慣上省略介詞	My grandma had no place to live(in)in the old days.
	不定式修飾 something,anything,nothing時(shí),放在它們的后面,如果something,anything,nothing有形容詞修飾,詞序是“something/anything/nothing+形容詞+不定式”	I had something cold to drink.
作狀語	不定式作目的狀語時(shí)可放在句首或句尾	To be a good student,one must study hard.
	和某些形容詞連用構(gòu)成“be+形容詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu),作原因狀語	We are sorry to trouble you.
	作程度或結(jié)果狀語時(shí),常與enough(表示肯定)或too(表示否定)連用	He is old enough to go to school. He is too young to go to school.
作表語	表示主語的“職業(yè)、職責(zé)或性質(zhì)”等,通常對(duì)連系動(dòng)詞前面的名詞進(jìn)行解釋說明	His wish is to become a doctor.
和疑問詞連用	不定式常和疑問詞what,which,when,where,how連用,在句中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語等成分	He didn't know where to go. =He didn't know where he should go.

動(dòng)詞不定式的特殊句型:

①too…to… “太……而不能……”。

如：The boy is too young to look after himself. 那個(gè)男孩太小而不能照顧自己。

②…enough to…“……足夠……”。

如：He is old enough to go to school. 他足夠大能去上學(xué)了。

③Why don’t you +省略to的不定式？=Why not +省略to的不定式？為什么不……呢？

如：Why don't you get her a photo album? =Why not get her a photo album? 為什么不給她買個(gè)相冊(cè)呢？

④had better+（not）+省略to的不定式。最好（不要）做……

如：You'd better not stay here today. 你今天最好別待在這兒。

⑤Will you please+省略to的不定式?你愿意……嗎？

如：Will you please close the door? 能請(qǐng)你把門關(guān)上嗎？

⑥prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. “寧愿做某事而不愿做某事”

如：I prefer to do more work rather than do nothing at home.我寧愿做更多的工作也不愿在家無所事事。

⑦It is+adj.+for/of sb.+to do.“做某事是……的”

如：It is necessary for us to brush our teeth twice a day.一天刷兩次牙對(duì)我們是有必要的。

It+be+形容詞+不定式

It’s hard to say which one is better.很難說哪一個(gè)更好。

It+be+名詞+不定式

It was great fun to have a picnic there. 在那里野餐很有意思。

It+動(dòng)詞+名詞/副詞+不定式

It took me 2 hours to finish my homework. 完成作業(yè)花了我兩個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間。

2).動(dòng)名詞

1作主語

單獨(dú)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式；如果并列的動(dòng)名詞(短語)作主語, 謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

Reading in bed is not good for your eyes.在床上看書對(duì)你的眼睛不好。

Reading and writing are necessary for us. 讀書和寫作對(duì)我們很有必要。

2作表語

動(dòng)名詞(短語)作表語可以轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)名詞(短語)作主語。如：

His favorite sport is playing ping-pong.＝Playing ping-pong is his favorite sport.他最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)是打乒乓球。

3作賓語

動(dòng)詞賓語, 多用來表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。如：

I like playing football very much.我非常喜歡踢足球。

常跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞有：

enjoy喜歡

mind 介意

finish 完成

keep持續(xù)

suggest 建議

practice 練習(xí)

consider考慮

miss錯(cuò)過

imagine想象

avoid避免

can’t help忍不住

go on 繼續(xù)

be worth值得

be busy忙于

give up放棄

succeed in成功，設(shè)法

look forward to期待

be used to習(xí)慣于

end up以……結(jié)束

put off推遲

pay attention to注意

be interested in對(duì)……感興趣

注意：含有介詞to的固定短語：

make (a) contribution (s) to 為……做貢獻(xiàn)

devote oneself to 獻(xiàn)身，致力于……

look forward to 期待，盼望

preferto 比起……更喜歡……

be used to 習(xí)慣……，適應(yīng)……

pay attention to注意

某些動(dòng)詞后接不定式和動(dòng)名詞的區(qū)別

1.forget doing sth.忘記做過某事

forget to do sth.忘記要做某事（未做）

I forget to bring my homework.我忘記帶作業(yè)了。

I forget bringing my homework.我忘記已把作業(yè)帶來了。

2.remember doing sth.記得做過某事

remember to do sth.記得去做某事（未做）

Please remember to post my letter.請(qǐng)記得把我的信寄走。

I remember posting your letter.我記得把你的信寄出去了。

3.try doing sth.嘗試做某事

try to do sth.盡力做某事

Please try to do better next time.下次請(qǐng)?jiān)O(shè)法做得更好些。

He tried speaking in English.他試著用英語講。

4.hear/see sb. doing sth.聽見/看見某人正在做某事

hear/see sb. do sth. 聽見/看見某人做了某事

I often see him play football 我經(jīng)常看見他踢球

I saw him playing football went I passed 當(dāng)我經(jīng)過的時(shí)候，我看見他正在踢球

5.Stop to do sth 停下去做某事

Stop doing sth 停止做某事

Stop to think about it for a moment.停下來想一下這件事。

Stop talking, please.請(qǐng)不要說話。

6.Mean to do sth 打算做某事

Mean doing sth 意味著

I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to.我想去,但我父親不肯讓我去。

Doing that means wasting time.做那件事意味著浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。

現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別

1.在語態(tài)上,現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意義,過去分詞表示被動(dòng)意義。

the surprising news令人驚訝的消息

a surprised man一個(gè)感到驚訝的人

a moving film一部感人的電影

the moved people被感動(dòng)的人們

2.在時(shí)間上,現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。

the developing country發(fā)展中國家

the developed country發(fā)達(dá)國家

the rising sun正在升起的太陽

the risen sun升起來的太陽

易混句式have sb.do sth.,have sb.doing sth.和have sth. done的區(qū)別

1.have sb. do sth.意為“讓某人做某事”,have可以用let,make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具體動(dòng)作,且強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成或尚未發(fā)生。

The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father.士兵們讓這個(gè)男孩背對(duì)他的父親站著。

2.have sb. doing sth.表示“使某人作出某種反應(yīng)”或“勸說/命令某人做某事”;用于否定句時(shí)表示“允許/容忍某人做某事”。

Within minutes he had the whole audience laughing and clapping.短短幾分鐘內(nèi)他就令全體觀眾歡笑、鼓掌。

3.have sth.done意為“讓某事被別人做”,即ask sb.else to do sth.,過去分詞(done)所表示的動(dòng)作由他人(非主語本身)來完成。

The driver had his car washed once a week.這個(gè)司機(jī)一周讓人洗一次車。

中考試練

1.To live a low-carbon life, we must remember the lights when we leave the room.

A.to turn off B.turning off C.not to turn off

【答案】A

【解析】句意:為了過低碳生活,我們必須記得要在離開房間的時(shí)候關(guān)燈。此題考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)用法。remember to do sth.記得要做某事,remember doing sth.記得做過某事,remember not to do sth.記得不要做某事,根據(jù)前文“為了過低碳生活”可以判斷出,后文是提出的倡議,應(yīng)該是“記得要關(guān)燈”,因此選A。

2.After long years of war, many people in Syria are homeless. I think it important a peaceful world.

A.build B.not build

C.to build D.not to build

【答案】C

【解析】句意:長年戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)過后,很多敘利亞人變得無家可歸。我認(rèn)為建設(shè)一個(gè)和平的世界很重要。本題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)think+it+adj.+to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處要用不定式作think的真正的賓語,故答案為C項(xiàng)。

3.My parents don’t allow me late.

A.stay up B.to stay up

C.stays up D.staying up

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我的父母不允許我熬夜。本題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。allow sb. to do sth.允許某人做某事。

4.Joining a summer camp is a great chance free time with your friends.

A.spend B.spending C.to spend

【答案】C

【解析】句意:參加夏令營是和你的朋友們一起度過空閑時(shí)光的好機(jī)會(huì)。本題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。a chance to do sth.意為“一個(gè)做某事的機(jī)會(huì)”,故選擇C。

5.We have worked so long. Shall we stop a rest?

A.have B.to having

C.having D.to have

【答案】D

【解析】句意:我們已經(jīng)工作了那么長時(shí)間了。我們停下來休息一下可以嗎?本題考查動(dòng)詞不定式。stop doing sth.停止正在做的事情,stop to do sth.停止正在做的事情去做另一件事。根據(jù)句意可知是停止工作去休息,故答案為D項(xiàng)。

6.It’s necessary for us to our parents when we have problems.

A.to talk B.talking C.talk

【答案】A

【解析】句意:當(dāng)我們遇到問題時(shí)和父母談?wù)剬?duì)我們來說是必要的。本題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。由固定句型It is+adj.+for sb to do sth.“做某事對(duì)于某人來說是……”可知答案為A。

7.Mr.Smith told his son the football match because of the exam.

A.not to watch B.to not watch

C.not watching D.doesn’t watch

【答案】A

【解析】句意:因?yàn)榭荚囀访芩瓜壬嬖V他兒子不要看足球賽。tell sb. not to do sth.讓某人不要做某事。所以A項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.Nowadays, it’s convenient and cheap for us a shared-bicycle.

A. ride B. to ride C. flying D. to fly

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意：現(xiàn)如今，____共享單車對(duì)我們來說是方便并且便宜的。此處考查it作形式主語，真正的主語為不定式。根據(jù)句意和固定短語ride a bicycle可知。故選B。

9.The Smiths have decided a house near the sea.

A. buy B. bought C. buying D. to buy

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意：史密斯一家已經(jīng)決定在海邊____一座房子。“decide to do sth.”是固定搭配，意為“決定做某事”。故選D。

10.The students are used to physical exercises in the morning.

A.do B.doing C.did D.have done

【答案】B

【解析】句意:學(xué)生們習(xí)慣在早晨進(jìn)行身體鍛煉。固定短語“be used to doing sth.”意為“習(xí)慣做某事”,故本題選擇B。

11.Smoking is not allowed here. Don’t forget your cigarette.

A.to put out B.putting out

C.to put off D.putting off

【答案】A

【解析】句意:這里不允許吸煙。不要忘記熄滅你的煙。put out意為“撲滅,熄滅”;put off意為“推遲”,根據(jù)句意可排除C和D。forget to do sth.意為“忘記要做某事”,故本題選擇A。

12.It took my sister three hours reading this interesting story.

A.to finish B.finished C.finishing D.finish

【答案】A

【解析】句意:我姐姐花費(fèi)了三個(gè)小時(shí)讀完這個(gè)有趣的故事。固定句型It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.意為“某人花費(fèi)多長時(shí)間做某事”,故本題應(yīng)選A。

13.—Why is Li Ming practicing speaking English?

— abroad for further study.

A.Go B.Gone C.To go D.Goes

【答案】C

【解析】句意:——李明為什么在練習(xí)說英語?——為了出國深造。本題考查不定式作目的狀語的用法。特殊疑問詞why用于提問原因,動(dòng)詞不定式可用來表示目的,故本題選擇C。

用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。

1. The girl always _________ (forget) her things everywhere.

2. The bell _________ (ring) . The students _________ (stop) talking and got ready for the class.

3. Look!It _________ (rain) outside. Neither of us _________ (want) to go boating now.

4. Jim _________ (not finish) reading the book yet. But he _________ (return) it the day after tomorrow.

5. The trees must _________ (plant) and the sand can _________ (stop) from moving toward to the rich farmland.

6. Some trees _________ (cut) down in America now.

7. When your work _________ (do) ,you can _________ (go) and play.

8. He ________(go) to college after he ________(finish) school next year.

9. I have tried three times. Let me ________(try) a fourth time.

10. He was made ________(work) for more than nine hours a day.

【答案】1.forgets.

2.rang;stopped.

3.is raining;wants.

4.hasn’t finished;will return.

5.be planted;be stopped.

6.are being cut.

7.is done;go.

8.will go;finishes.

9.try 10.to work.

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