Every 1._________(educate) Chinese knows the name of Bi Sheng, 2.________ invented movable-type printing, one of the four important inventions that ancient China contributed to world civilization. Bi Sheng lived in Bianliang (today's Kaifeng City), then capital of China in the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127).

     Bi Sheng carved individual3._________(character) 

on identical pieces of fine clay. 4._________ the block had been hardened by fire, the type became durable and could be used anytime and anywhere. The movable type pieces could be glued to an iron plate and 5.________(easy) detached from the plate. Characters could be assembled to print a page and then broken up and redistributed as  6.________(need). When the printing was finished, the pieces could be put away for future use.

    Contrary 7.________ many claims, Bi Sheng's clay types were not fragile but in fact, "hard and tough as horn".

Bi Sheng's invention 8._________(record) Shen Kuo (1031-1095), the Chinese polymath, scientist, and statesman, in 9.________(he) book The Dream Pool Essays' in 1088 AD.

      Movable type printing developed very fast and spread to Korea, Japan, Vietnam, and finally to Europe, while based on the clay type, the type made of wood, lead, tin, and copper 10.________ (gradual) appeared.