非謂語動(dòng)詞含義、形式和用法匯總,精簡、全面!
日期:2024-02-21 11:06 點(diǎn)擊:
什么是非謂語動(dòng)詞?非謂語動(dòng)詞的含義、形式和用法各是怎樣的?相信大部分同學(xué)都沒能搞清楚,云里霧里的感覺實(shí)在是不怎么好!別愁啦,小編今天帶來了非謂語動(dòng)詞大餐,將為大家一一解答困惑,一起來看吧!
非謂語動(dòng)詞首先是一種動(dòng)詞形式,其次是這種動(dòng)詞形式不能做謂語,綜合這兩點(diǎn),我們將其叫做非謂語動(dòng)詞。
非謂語動(dòng)詞包含四種形式,即不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。具體形式如下:
1. 不定式:to do(表示主動(dòng),并且一般表示將來)
The teacher told us to do morning exercises .
2. 動(dòng)名詞:doing (表示主動(dòng))
Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future.
在未來,普通人在太空旅行將會(huì)是普遍的事情。
3. 現(xiàn)在分詞:doing (表示主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行)
He sat there,reading a newspaper.
及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞表示被動(dòng)或完成;不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞表示主動(dòng)或完成。
polluted river 被污染的河流 (及物動(dòng)詞pollute和river之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,即“河流被污染”)
fallen leaves 落葉(不及物動(dòng)詞fall和leaves之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,即“葉子落下來”)
注意:非謂語動(dòng)詞本身不能表示現(xiàn)在和過去。非謂語動(dòng)詞表示進(jìn)行和將來是相對(duì)于謂語動(dòng)作來說的:和謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生表示進(jìn)行;發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之后表示將來
非謂語動(dòng)詞除去不能做謂語之外,其它所有成分都可以做。具體如下。
1. 不定式:做主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語和補(bǔ)語。
To learn a foreign language is difficult .(作主語)
It’s easy to see their aunt.(作真正主語,it做形式主語)
Tom wanted to have a cup of beer.(作賓語)
His wish is to be a driver.(作表語)
I have nothing to say.(作定語)
The teacher told us to do morning exercises . (作賓語補(bǔ)足語)
They went to see their aunt. (目的狀語)
2. 動(dòng)名詞:做主語、賓語、表語、定語。
Learning English is very difficult .(作主語)
I enjoy dancing.(作動(dòng)詞賓語)
I have got used to living in the country.(作介詞賓語)
我已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了住農(nóng)村。
His job is driving a bus.(作表語)
3. 現(xiàn)在分詞:做表語、定語、狀語和補(bǔ)語。
The story is interesting.(作表語)
He sat there,reading a newspaper.(作狀語)
The area being studied may be rich in coal.(作定語)
He saw the thief stealing some money from the bank.(作賓補(bǔ))
4. 過去分詞:做表語、定語、狀語和補(bǔ)語。
He is interested in the news.(作表語)
Given more time,I can do my work better.(做狀語)
如果再被多給些時(shí)間,我會(huì)把工作做得更好。
I found my watch stolen.(做賓補(bǔ))
1. 須用省去to 的不定式(do)作賓補(bǔ)的11個(gè)動(dòng)詞。
五看(see、watch、notice、observe、look at)
根據(jù)諧音記憶法,我們可以記做“吾看兩廳三室一感覺”。
I saw a big bird fly over the roof of the house yesterday.
注意:以上11個(gè)動(dòng)詞,也可以接現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作賓補(bǔ),但在時(shí)間和語態(tài)上會(huì)有變化,我們以see為例來區(qū)分一下。
see sb. doing sth. 看到某人正在做某事
see sb./sth. done 看到某人/某物被......
I see him make the phone call.
我看到他打了電話。(他打電話的整個(gè)動(dòng)作我都看見了)
I see him making a phone call.我看到他正在打電話。(強(qiáng)調(diào)看到他正在打電話,并沒有看見全過程.)
We often see him surrounded by much work.
2.只接不定式(不能接動(dòng)名詞)作賓語的25個(gè)常用動(dòng)詞
want、would like、wish、help、hope、learn、manage、offer、plan、afford、agree、arrange、ask、beg、care、choose、decide、demand、determine、expect、fear、prepare、pretend、promise、refuse
3. 只接動(dòng)名詞(不能接不定式)作賓語的28個(gè)常用動(dòng)詞
practice、consider、enjoy、finish、give up、imagine、keep、put off、risk、suggest、admit、advise、allow、appreciate、avoid、delay、deny、discuss、dislike、escape、excuse、fancy、forbid、mention、 mind、miss、permit、prohibit
4. 既可接不定式也可接動(dòng)名詞,但含義完全不同的8個(gè)動(dòng)詞
remember to do sth. 記住要做某事(未做)
remember doing sth. 記得做過某事(已做)
forget to do sth. 忘記去做某事(未做)
forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事(已做)
regret to do sth. 遺憾要做某事(未做)
regret doing sth. 后悔/抱歉做過某事(已做)
mean to do sth. 計(jì)劃做某事
can’t help to do sth. 不能幫助做某事
can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事
go on to do sth. 繼續(xù)做另一件事
go on doing sth. 繼續(xù)做同一件事
stop to do sth. 停下來去做另一件事