日期:2024-09-24 10:21 點擊:
用來表示請求、命令、叮囑、建議等的句子叫祈使句。祈使句的謂語動詞用原形,句子沒有主語,句末使用感嘆號或者句號。
例如:Open the door quickly! 快打開門!
1. 祈使句的肯定句。
1)以系動詞be開頭的祈使句。
這種句式的結構是:Be動詞+其它成分(形容詞、名詞或介詞短語等)
例如:Be quiet / quick!
Be a good student! Be careful when crossing the street.
2)以實義動詞開頭的祈使句。
這種祈使句的常用結構為:行為動詞原形+其它成分。
例如:Come in, please!請進!
Stand up, please. = Please stand up. 請起立。
3)let句型。
這種祈使句的常用結構為:Let’s / let us+動詞原形;或者是Let + 賓語+其他。
Let’s play football! 我們一起踢足球吧!
Let me help you. 讓我來幫你。
2. 祈使句的否定句。
1)Don't + 動詞原形。
Don't be careless. 別粗心。
Don’t be late again. 不要再遲到。
Don't let them play with fire. 別讓他們玩火。
Don’t look at your books. 不要看書。
2)Let引起的祈使句的否定形式。
a. Let's ( Let sb. ) + not + 動詞原形。
Let's not say anything about it. 對于這件事,咱們什么也別說。
Let them not play with fire. 別讓他們玩火。
b. Don’t+ let+賓語+動詞原形+其他。
Don’t let Jim do that. 別讓吉姆做那事。
Don’t let us go, please. 請不要讓我們走。
3)在公共場合的提示語中,否定祈使句常用“No+名詞 / V-ing形式”結構,表示“禁止做某事”。
例如:NO PHOTOS! 禁止拍照!No parking! 禁止停車!
3.祈使句的反意疑問句。
1)肯定祈使句的反意疑問句反問部分用will you 或won't you。
Please open the door, will/ won’t you? 請把門打開,好嗎?
Be sure to write to us, will/ won’t you? 你一定要給我們寫信,好嗎?
2)否定祈使句的反意疑問句反問部分只用will you。
Don't be late again, will you? 別再遲到了,行不行?
Don’t smoke in the meeting room, will you? 不要在會議室抽煙,好嗎?
3)以let's開頭的祈使句反意疑問句反問部分用shall we。
Let's turn on the TV, shall we? 我們把電視打開,好嗎?
以let us 開頭的祈使句的反意疑問句的反問部分應為will you或won't you.
例如:Let us stay here, will/ won't you? 請(你)讓我們留在這好嗎?
4. 祈使句的回答。
祈使句的動作通常是表示將來發(fā)生的動作,所以回答祈使句時,一般用will或won’t。
在回答具有否定意義的祈使句時,要注意兩點:
1) 形式一致:即Yes與will保持一致;No與won’t保持一致。
2) 意思相反:即Yes是 “不”的意思;No是“是”的意思。
在回答時,要注意分析上下文語境中所提供的條件。例如:
-Don’t go out, please. It’s raining heavily outside.
請不要出去。外面雨下得很大。
-Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport.
不行,我得去機場接我弟弟
5. 祈使句使用時應注意的問題。
1)在表達請求或勸告時,有時為了表示委婉的語氣,可以在句首或句末please,但是如果please加在句末,應用逗號將其與前面的部分隔開。
例如:Sit down, please. 請坐。
Please look after the twins. 請照顧一下雙胞胎。
2)在意思比較明顯的情況下,可以把謂語動詞省略。
例如:This way, please. 請這邊走。
3)有時為了加強語氣,可以在動詞前使用do.
例如:Do be careful!一定要小心!
4)有時為了強調對方,也可加上主語you,人名或everybody, anybody等不定代詞。
例如:You sweep the floor and I clean the window. 你來掃地我來擦窗戶。
Stand up, everybody. 請大家起立。
5)有時為了明確向誰提出請求或發(fā)出命令,可加稱呼語,但稱呼語要與句子用逗號隔開。 例如:
Put the shirt on the bed, Jim.
吉姆,把襯衫放床上。
Ⅰ. 單項選擇。
1. ______ with fire. It’s very dangerous.
A. Playing
B. Play
C. Don’t play
D. Doesn’t play
2.Don’t _____ the radio. The baby is sleeping.
A. turn off
B. turn on
C. turn over
D. turn down
3. _____ hard and you’ll make progress in English.
A. Work
B. To work
C. Working
D. Worked
4. _____ worried about me Mom. I’ve grown up.
A. Don’t
B. Don’t be
C. Not
D. Not be
5. _______ late again, Bill!
A. Don't to be
B. Don't be
C. Not be
D. Be not
6. _______ cross the road until(直到)the traffic lights turn green.
A. Not
B. Won't
C. Doesn't
D. Don't
7. Please help me carry it, ______?
A. will I
B. will you
C. shall I
D. shall we
8. Don't make so much noise, ______?
A. will you
B. won't you
C. shall we
D. do you
9. Kate, _______ your homework here tomorrow.
A. bring
B. brings
C. to bring
D. bringing
10. ________ me the truth, or I'll be angry.
A. Telling
B. To tell
C. Told
D. Tell
【真題鏈接】
1. _______ on the grass, or it will “cry”.
A. To walk
B. Not to walk
C. Walk
D. Don’t walk
2. _______ swim in the river alone, Karen. It’s too dangerous.
A. Not
B. Don’t
C. Doesn’t
3. ________ along this street, and you can find the hotel on your right, next to the market.
A. Walk
B. To walk
C. Walks
D. Walking
4. Daniel,_______ play with the mobile phone while you’re walking in the street.
A. don’t
B. doesn’t
C. won’t
D. can’t
Ⅱ. 將以下祈使句改為否定式。 1. Come here early.
________________________ 2. Ask him.
_________________________ 3. Please wait for her.
___________________________ 4. Read the book carefully.
___________________________ 5. Sit under the tree, please.
_____________________________ 6. Let’s go there together.
_____________________________
Ⅲ. 句型轉換。
1. Will you please read it again more slowly? (改為祈使句)
_____ _____ again more slowly, please.
2. Let's watch the sports games. (改為反意疑問句)
Let's watch the sports games, _____ _____?
3. Please sit next to Nancy.(改為否定句)
_____ _____ next to Nancy.
4. Don't forget to turn off(關掉)the lights, please.(改為反意疑問句)
Don't forget to turn off the lights, _____ _____?
5. Come to my house tomorrow.(改為反意疑問句)
Come to my house tomorrow, _____ _____?
Ⅳ. 用括號內所給動詞的適當形式填空。
1. It’s an important meeting. _______ (not, be)late.
2. _______ (not, make) any noise! Your mother is sleeping.
3. _______ (not, speak) with your mouth full of food and ______ (be) polite.
4. ________ ( not, talk) and ________ (read) aloud.
5. ________ (not, leave) your homework for tomorrow, Larry.
6. ________ (look) out! A car is coming.
7. ________ (give) us ten years and just see what our country will be like.
8. ________ (not, let) the baby cry.
9. Wear more clothes or you _______ (catch) a cold.
10. Let’s ________ (not, say) anything about it.
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