日期:2024-09-24 10:22 點擊:
數(shù)詞的用法
數(shù)詞是指表示數(shù)目多少或順序先后的詞。表示數(shù)目多少的數(shù)詞叫基數(shù)詞,如 one, five, ten, thirty, sixty-five 等;表示順序先后的數(shù)詞叫序數(shù)詞,如 first, sixth, tenth, twenty-first 等。數(shù)詞用法相當于名詞和形容詞,在句中可用作主語、賓語、表語、定語、同位語等。
一、基數(shù)詞。
1. 基數(shù)詞的寫法或讀法。
(1)對于20以內的基本的數(shù)字,需要同學們牢記。要注意其中的一些規(guī)律。例如:
13-19的數(shù)字都是“-teen”結尾等。
(2)十位數(shù)與個位數(shù)之間要加連字符。例如:
23→twenty-three
(3)百位數(shù)與個位數(shù)之間要加and。例如:
201→ two hundred and one 642→ six hundred and forty-two
拓展:除此之外,較大的數(shù)字是將數(shù)字由右向左每三位加一個逗號,使一個數(shù)字分成幾個小節(jié),第一個逗號前用thousand(千),第二個逗號前用million(百萬),第三個逗號前用billion(十億),然后依次讀出(寫出)。例如:
68,343 sixty-eight thousand, three hundred and forty-three
13, 526, 300 thirteen million, five hundred and twenty-six thousand, three hundred
注意:英語中沒有“萬”和“億”這兩個單位,只有“百萬(million)”和“十億(billion)”;因此“一萬”是用10個千,也就是“ten thousand”來表示的,“一億”是用“one hundred million”來表示的。
2. 基數(shù)詞的用法
(1)表示確切數(shù)目時,hundred,thousand和million只能用單數(shù),不能變復數(shù);但表示不確定的數(shù)目時,要用復數(shù)形式,并且要加上of。
例如:five hundred 五百 three thousand 三千
hundreds of 成百上千的 thousands of 成千上萬的 millions of 數(shù)百萬的
(2)基數(shù)詞可以用來表示時間。例如:
7:30 seven thirty / half past seven
6:45 six forty-five / a quarter to seven
8:00 eight o’clock
(3)基數(shù)詞可以用來表示年代。例如:
1980年,讀作nineteen eighty
2005年,讀作two thousand and five
(4)基數(shù)詞可以用來表示事物的編號。例如:
第209房間→ Room 209
第三部分→ Section 3/Part 3
南京路308號→ 308 Nanjing Road
電話號碼3698688→ TEL 3698688
(5)基數(shù)詞可以用于某些數(shù)學算式。例如:
3+2=5 Three and two is five。 (三加二等于五)
10-5=5 Ten minus five is five。(十減五等于五)
(6)基數(shù)詞可以用來表示年齡。例如:
She is five years old. 她五歲了。
in his twenties 在他二十幾歲時
二、序數(shù)詞
1. 基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞的方法。
(1)序數(shù)詞是由基數(shù)詞在詞尾加-th構成,表示順序的數(shù)詞。它的前面一般要用定冠詞the。例如:the sixth 第六。
(2)序數(shù)詞的1,2,3這三個數(shù)字是特殊變化,即它們不是在基數(shù)詞的后面加-th,需要特別記憶和掌握。第一是:first,第二是:second,第三是:third。
(3)從第四到第十九的序數(shù)詞都是在基數(shù)詞的后面加-th,但要注意:第五是fifth,第八是eighth,第九是ninth,第十二是twelfth這幾個特殊變化。
(4)以“輔音字母+y”結尾的基數(shù)詞,變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞時,把字母y改為ie再加-th。例如:
twenty-twentieth第二十,forty-fortieth第四十。
(5)從二十一到九十九的序數(shù)詞(整十數(shù)除外),前面的十位數(shù)用基數(shù)詞,后面的個位數(shù)用序數(shù)詞,中間用連字符號連接。例如:
twenty-four-twenty-fourth第二十四。
(6) 第一百、第一千、第一百萬分別在相對應的基數(shù)詞的后面直接加-th。即:
hundredth,thousandth,millionth。
拓展:序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式。
序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式由阿拉伯數(shù)字加上序數(shù)詞的最后兩個字母構成。前三個數(shù)字是特殊情況,分別是:first→1st second→2nd third→3rd
以后的均是在最后的數(shù)字后加“-th”即可。
例如:forth→4th twenty-first→21st ninety-fifth→95th
2. 序數(shù)詞的用法。
(1)序數(shù)詞的前面一般要用定冠詞the表示第幾的意思。例如:
You are the second one to know the way. 你是第二個知道方法的人。
(2)表示編號的時候,經常把基數(shù)詞放在名詞的前面表示順序,相當于the+序數(shù)詞+名詞,也可以用“名詞+基數(shù)詞”。例如:Lesson Five=the fifth lesson 第五課。
(3)表示分數(shù)的時候,分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞,當分子大于1的時候,分母用復數(shù)形式。例如:2/5 two fifths。
(4)序數(shù)詞在名詞的前面經常作定語修飾名詞,但是當名詞的前面已經有了物主代詞的時候,序數(shù)詞的前面不再用定冠詞the。例如:
This is my third question. 這是我的第三個問題。
(5)序數(shù)詞可以表示日期。例如:
March 18th, 1978 (1978年3月18日)
注意:數(shù)詞的用法除了以上講到的基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞的用法之外,還有小數(shù)的用法,倍數(shù)的表達法等,我們會在以后的學習中逐漸學到。
Ⅰ.根據(jù)句意及首字母提示完成單詞。
1. December is the t______ month of the year.
2. We have nineteen students here. The new comer is the t_______.
3. When is Lily’s birthday p______?
4. M_______ is the third month of the year.
5. The n_______ month of the year is September.
Ⅱ. 用所給詞的適當形式填空。
1. Today we will learn the ___________ (twelve) lesson.
2. I sit in the _________ (two) row in the class.
3. It’s August ____________ (twenty-one) today.
4. We have ____________ (45) sheep on the farm.
5. I think the __________ (eight) lesson is difficult.
III. 用英語寫出適當?shù)臄?shù)詞或數(shù)詞詞組。
1.There are ________ days in a week.
2. There are usually __________or _________days in one month except ________, and there are usually __________or _________ days in one year
3. New Year’s Day is the _________ day of each year.
4. Thursday is the _________ day of week.
5. __________ is our National Day.
6. The ________ month of the year is February.
7. There are __________ seconds in minute.
8. December ____________ is Christmas in
9. 2/3 and 1/4 is _______________.
10. August is the _________ month of a year.
Ⅳ. 單項選擇。
1. Now children, turn to page _______ and look at the _____ picture in Lesson Two.
A. twentieth; one
B. twenty; one
C. twentieth; first
D. twenty; first
2. There are four people in front of him, so he is the ______ one.
A. five B. fifth C. first D. number
3. The _____ Sunday in May is Mother’s Day.
A. first B. second C. one D. two
4. —When is your mother’s birthday?
— It’s ________.
A. February eighths
B. July thirty-third
C. February 7th
D. March nineth
5. The ______ month of a year is April.
A. third B. forth C. fourth D. fifth
6. The girl is _____, today is her _____ birthday.
A. twelfth; twelfth
B. twelve; twelfth
C. twelfth; twelve
D. twelve; twelve
7. —When is the school trip?
—______ March 13th.
A. At B. On C. In D. It’s
8. —Tom is a middle school student. How old is he?
— ______.
A. The thirteen
B. Thirteenth
C. Thirty
D. Thirteen
9. There are usually _____ days in February.
A. twenty-eight
B. twenty-nine
C. thirty
D. thirty-one
10. Sunday is the _____ day of a week.
A. one B. two C. first D. second
真題鏈接
1.Basketball is so exciting that ______ people play it for fun.
A. million
B. two millions
C. million of
D. millions of
2.—How many friends will come to your birthday?
—About .
A. fifteen; fifteen
B. fifteenth; fifteenth
C. fifteen; fifteenth
D. fifteenth; fifteen
3. Helen loves reading. She has read ____ books this month.
A. five B. fifth C. five of D. fifth of
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